Purpose: To review a single-center experience in the management of symptomatic congenitalvascularmalformations of the hand and forearm with special attention to embolotherapy.
1
A broad-based, shallow jugular pit with an overlying vascularmalformation was also present.
2
In our case, multiple transarterial embolizations failed to sufficiently manage a symptomatic vascularmalformation.
3
Patients with intracranial procedures, malignancy, or vascularmalformation were excluded.
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Histological and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with a vascularmalformation.
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Summary: Genes involved in vascular stability pathways are good candidates for causing vascularmalformation syndromes.
1
Hemorrhage, vascularmalformations, and tumors are the main indications for embolization procedures.
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However, later stage formation of vascularmalformations and lymphangiogenesis were unaffected.
3
Additionally, we report the response to treatment of patients with complicated hepatic vascularmalformations.
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Dynamic MR angiography enables the hemodynamic assessment of vascularmalformations.
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Classification of vascularmalformations and potential treatments are discussed.